Purpose: This paper intended to study the relationships between the effects of the rate of sensing and responding to the technological changes on business opportunity of a corporates.Methodology: A descriptive research was used to investigate the relationship between variables under study. To collect data, a questionnaire (a=0.821) was distributed among some 160 venders of products of SAMSUNG brand in Mashhad city. The structural equation modeling using maximum likelihood estimation was applied to test the hypotheses.Findings: The results revealed that marketing strategies of corporate and responding to technological changes had directly positive effect on business position of SAMSUNG Co. while marketing strategies plays a mediatory role on the relation between sensing to technological changes and SAMSUNG business position.Result: Sensing to technological changes and appropriate responding to it provides corporate’s prosperity in their business.

Introduction: Traditional orchards are the gardens that are mostly outside the city. Typically, traditional orchards surrounding the city of Qazvin can be mentioned. The traditional Qazvin orchards, known for their 1400 years of existence, are one of the examples of optimal use of nature. The construction of traditional Orchards around the city of Qazvin shows that the person considered the way of peaceful living with nature more than ever, and pursued sustainable development, albeit with a slow process (Akhavizadegan, 2002). The features of traditional orchards, mixed cultivation, customs and traditions related to the division of gardens, the division of water and property. Traditional Orchards have been designed with a few goals. The first objective of the construction of this garden has been the direct and economical use of these gardens. The second cause has been the creation of green spaces around cities. This greenery encompassed the cities and made the cities appear as good-weather islands, even in arid and semi-arid regions (such as Isfahan, Shiraz and Qazvin). The third reason for the construction of traditional Orchards was to control the upstream floods and to prevent flood damage to farms and lower villages. The results of various research studies indicate that the use of remote sensing techniques due to capabilities such as wide and integrated vision, the variety of data forms, digitally Data, providing timely and integrated data, wide and easy data availability, rapid access to remote locations and their high accuracy, can be used in large-scale planning in the water and environment study. (Aynew, 2003; Timmermans et al., 2007; Sun et al., 2011; Giorgos et al, 2017). Considering the historical importance of traditional orchards, providing and identifying its water needs is one of the most important issues regarding the maintenance of gardens. However, due to the presence of traditional orchards on the outskirts of the city and the deviation of the outflow of flood during recent years, the debate has focused on the need to supply traditional alternative gardens to the traditional orchards. Hence, the first step in preserving and reviving these gardens is to estimate its water requirement. In this regard, due to the irregular cropping pattern of the mentioned gardens, estimating the need for traditional orchards using remote sensing facilities is considered. Materials & Methods: The traditional orchards in Qazvin great importance due to historical dates and habitat of drought resistant species, frostbite, pests and diseases. On the other hand, such as seasonal flood management in these gardens, the importance of preserving these gardens has been doubled. The traditional orchards of Qazvin have spread in three directions in the east, south and west of this city, which in the past few days (less than half a century) has an area of more than 3, 000 hectares of productive gardens (Akhavizadegan, 2002). Providing water for gardens has been one of the most important issues for gardeners since the past. Water scarcity has been indicative of the central role of water in the sustainability of gardens since the past and has been mentioned in historical records. The traditional orchards in Qazvin are irrigated from four rivers called Arenjak, Bazar, Zoyar, Dalichay and a flood river called Weshteh in winter and spring. The waters of these rivers are mostly covered by melting of winter snow and spring rains from the northern mountains of Qazvin. The irrigation of traditional orchards mostly occurs twice a year, one in winter and one in spring. Due to the development of the city of Qazvin and the problems of exploitation and lack of attention to them, the area of traditional orchards around the city of Qazvin has declined in recent years. In this research, ecological law is estimated in traditional orchards of Qazvin using remote sensing techniques and SEBAL algorithm, because SEBAL is an intermediate method that uses both empirical and physical parameters simultaneously (Terreza, 2006). The components of the SEBAL algorithm are more empirical and require less grounding information. The model includes a number of computational steps for image processing, the final calculation of evapotranspiration and energy exchange between the earth and the atmosphere (Kinoti et al, 2010). In the SEBAL algorithm, by using solar radiation reflections recorded by satellite sensors and using aerodynamic relationships, the amount of energy remaining is calculated as the energy necessary for the occurrence of the evapotranspiration process, followed by the amount of evapotranspiration at the moment Satellite passes will be obtained. Landsat 8 satellite imagery is used in this research. Landsat satellite images are Path= 165 and Row= 35 are the main input data. The spatial resolution of the Landsat images is 30 meters and the width of the cover strip is 185 kilometers per image. The reason for the selection of the satellite images mentioned above was the high precision of the location and the availability of the images. The images were selected on days without clouds and dust. However, the important feature of the images used is that at the time of maximum water supply needs of the garden has been to provide water. Satellite imagery used to estimate the vegetation index of traditional orchards on dates 2013/06/19, 2013/7/21, 2014/7/21, 2014/7/24, 2015/06/25 and 2015/07/27 for the region studied. Since remote-sensing raw images always have errors in geometry (geometric errors) as well as values recorded for pixels (radiometric errors). Operations related to pre-processing, processing, performing corrections and calculations of image bands using ENVI software. To carry out the SEBAL algorithm, we need air humidity to obtain the temperature of the dew point and wind speed in the study area, which is also provided by Qazvin Synoptic Station. Discussion of Results & Conclusions: The study of the level and density of vegetation index in traditional orchards around the city of Qazvin showed that despite the fact the area of green and semi-green gardens (in terms of the threshold of vegetation density) has been greatly reduced. The spatial distribution map of the vegetation index in the traditional orchards area showed that vegetation density index variations are very variable in the study area. In other words, on the basis of the vegetation map of the southern region of Baghestan, it is in a juicy situation. In the western and eastern parts of Qazvin, about 800 hectares of traditional gardening, despite the maintenance of land use, have very poor vegetation, thinness and in some cases it does not have vegetation. The results of this research and the researches have shown that remote sensing technologies can play an effective role in determining the maps of urban and suburban green spaces, vegetation density analysis, estimating the water requirement and providing an optimal model of water resources utilization. Make Estimated initial water requirement using remote sensing capabilities in traditional orchards that have ancient trees, different vegetation densities, varieties of crops and orchards and irregular crop types are important and effective in managing water resources and comprehensive management of green spaces. The results of satellite data show that if the accuracy of the images used is accurate when selecting the time, using the remote sensing data, factors such as classification and vegetation density and the amount of water requirement can be analyzed. Several studies have confirmed this (Jiang et al, 2010; James et al, 2009 Kundu et al, 2018; Grosso et al, 2018).

ABSTRACT The attention of contemporary planners to environmental factors and increasing awareness and communication of man with his surrounding environment has increased the layers and defining factors of design and planning concepts. In such a way, a common problem with the issue of environmental capabilities to respond was put in front of the planners. The collection of ideas presented in this era was in the form of responsive planning, focusing on the maximum use of environmental capabilities. The necessity of the emergence of a comprehensive discourse to overcome the plurality of factors, definitions and design methods in the environmental fields has been given less attention. Based on this, the current research aims to organize the leading theories in this field in a targeted manner and seeks to improve them based on their synergy. The structural question of this research is the meanings, examples and meaningful contexts of flexibility in various aspects and scales of urban planning. The research method used is qualitative thematic analysis with the help of artificial intelligence in MAXQDA software in a 6-step processing process. The important application of this research is to structure the minds of the planners of this field to reduce the scattered and interdisciplinary problems of the resources. The results of this research revealed dimensions such as identification and recognizability, diversity and changeability, adaptability and expandability, distribution, separation and continuity, organization and compatibility in the field of flexibility and related to the corresponding parts in urban planning   Extended Abstract Introduction Responsiveness-based design and planning emphasizing the maximum use of environmental capacities to meet users' needs implicitly cause a targeted improvement of environmental quality. As the environmental awareness of contemporary man has expanded and the platforms have become more diverse, many challenges are raised in the field of environment-oriented in the field of infrastructure quality and service provision. Urban developments and new developments in cities should be interpreted with integrated conceptualization. The conceptualization of interpretive flexibility in the planning and designing of public spaces in the city is used as an interdisciplinary perspective in urban space design to open and discuss its connection and potential as an approach to strengthening social cohesion and inclusion. The general definition of flexibility is that it can create places with new forms of meaning and be used for different groups to strengthen its coherence and multidisciplinary inclusion in terms of design and planning of space and body. On this basis, the concept of flexibility is proposed as a principle in the context of design and planning due to its wide range of effects on background phenomena. The history of such a role can be seen in the diversity of users' needs. In such a way, it is impossible to express the specific time and area of the need to pay attention to this concept. This is in line with Oldenburg's theory of "social public spaces," in which being in public space, communicating with people and the environment through observing the streets, sidewalks, squares, and parks of the city is a necessary step for people as a part of their social life. The meaningfulness of the design of the artificial environment was considered. In any case, in the contemporary era, on the one hand, at the same time as the quantitative and qualitative increase of human environmental awareness, there is no longer any phenomenon in the eyes of contemporary man arising from a unique aspect and range of factors. On the other hand, his life needs in the individual and collective dimensions have seen a high diversity, which has led to the formation of multiple semantic domains of past flexibility. The meaning of flexibility in such an interdisciplinary platform and basic design refers to the concept of understanding and responding quickly and efficiently to environmental changes. Such a holistic definition for this broad field of environmental design means the implicit acceptance of the role of scale in the meaningful domain of these concepts. On a macro scale, it means making design options to increase the presence, participation, and power of choices of users of the environment in participatory urban planning and design methods, and on a small scale, it means making design options to increase spatial quality and, as a result, the quality of activities. The daily activities of environmental users are through selection against the "dominant space." Flexibility at different scales is crucial for dimensional optimization, shaping, and structuring spatial features, leading to improved performance of space components and spaces. The development of the concept of "flexibility" from various studies in metropolitan to micro scales, such as interior architecture, allows it to pass the discourse of responsiveness to provide a broad approach to environmental design in which different values, interests, and priorities are prioritized. As a result, the issue of flexibility in environmental design has been raised as a multi-dimensional field in the design and planning of the basic environment. The breadth and complexity of this concept have made the researchers of this field deal with it in one or more ways, and it has been avoided to provide a comprehensive framework about the nature and structuring processes. The current research presents a structured view of flexibility in architecture and urban planning with an environmental approach.   Methodology The methodology to achieve this goal is to use the macro research method and achieve a comprehensive framework by combining categorized interpretations. In such a way that by sorting and categorizing these concepts and bases in a new way, he has found a new level of theoretical findings, which will be a suitable answer for the gaps in scientific knowledge and scientific methods created in this field. In this context, the research method "thematic analysis" has been used with a qualitative approach and the use of library resources. Also, to overcome the breadth and complexity of these concepts and the multi-layer networking of concepts in this research method, artificial intelligence has been used in MAXQDA research assistance software.   Results and discussion In the meantime, attention should also be paid to the fields of influence and application of the results of this research because designers refer to flexibility as the creator of environmental qualities, including dynamism. Also, since flexibility, along with the principles of readability and adaptability, affect the lifestyle and behavioral patterns of the audience of environmental design in architecture and urban planning, it will also be effective in dealing with the challenge of complexity in environmental design factors. One of the key questions for achieving research goals on this issue is how flexibility in environmental design impacts the relationship between flexibility and scale.   Conclusion The most important finding of this research suggests that first, it requires a focus on the conditions under which the processes of perceiving human abilities and discovering the needs of the human audience can manifest. The theoretical framework arises from a comparative approach between design disciplines. These conditions are independent of the final state of the design product, and strengthening the environmental capacities will lead to a direction and an area that includes environmental flexibility. By responding to new situations, the construction of the space and the body within a space building can be adapted to various configurations. Even though the environment may remain constant, the designed place will continue functioning as a strong living system over time.  It also seems that the nature of issues related to flexibility has complexity. Considering that the quality of flexibility in urban planning and architecture is significant in multilevel and multifaceted scales from micro to macro, it is important to pay attention to the scale of different variables. In order to reduce this problem, the consistency and adjustment of the scale of the variables measured in a specific analysis should be considered in the first step.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific.

Bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen and one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections in a wide range of immunocompromised patients including those with malignancies, cystic fibrosis, and burns. This bacterium produces many virulence factors and is highly resistant to lots of common antibiotics due to its biofilm formation. The production of many virulence factors in this bacterium is under the control of quorum sensing systems (QS). The QS is an attractive target for the development of novel therapeutics. Eugenol is the major component of clove (Eugenia caryophylata) oil. The previous studies have shown its antibacterial activities. This study aimed to determine the in vitro anti-QS activity of eugenol on QS-regulated biofilm formation and virulence factors production in P. aeruginosa strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of eugenol was determined against two strains of this bacterium ATCC 27853 and PAO1, and three clinical isolates. Then the effect of eugenol on bacterial proliferation was determined by monitoring the growth curve. The biofilm formation, the production of exopolysaccharide (EPS), pyocyanins, rhamnolipids, the motility of swimming, swarming, and twitching were evaluated after the eugenol treatment. The MICs against two strains of the bacterium ATCC 27853 and PAO1 were obtained 0. 3% and 0. 6% (v/v), respectively. Different concentrations of eugenol (≤ 0. 15%) significantly reduced the production of virulence factors including pyocyanin and rhamnolipid. The biofilm formation, EPS production, and swarming, swimming, and twitching motility were also reduced after the eugenol treatment. In general, according to the results of this study, the use of eugenol, as a potent QS inhibitor and anti-biofilm agent, could be an effective therapeutic strategy against P. aeruginosa infections.

1. Introduction Land use has always been one of the most important indicators that humans through its have been influenced their environment. Nowadays, processed mining and related operations are parts of activities that have potential to harm the environment. Mining is in direct contact with nature and the environment, so this will have important effect on the environment. The negative effects of mining activities on changes in surface biophysical parameters such as greenness, brightness, wetness and land surface temperature (LST) depend on the type of minerals, location of the area, extraction method and other factors. Remote sensing technology provides useful information to understand temporal and spatial changes of land use/cover and land development processes. Sungun is a large porphyry copper mine and extraction method of this mine is open pit mining. The important environmental pollutions in this method of mining are land and landscape degradation, mass production of waste mineral extraction and loss of vegetation covers. Due to Sungun copper mine geographic location which it’ s adjacent to the Arasbaran forests and Dezmar protected area, the activities of this mine are environmental impact of great environmental importance. The objective of the present study is integrating reflective and thermal remote sensing capabilities to analyze and monitor changes in the surface biophysical parameters of the Sungun copper mine region caused by mineral activities over the past three decades. 2. Data and methods In the current study, the reflective and thermal bands of satellite images acquired by Landsat 4, 5, 7, and 8 have been used to calculate the LST and biophysical parameters. Also, the water vapor products (MOD07) and the LST products (MOD11) of MODIS sensor of TERRA satellite, the air temperature data measured at the meteorological stations and ground data have been used. In the first step, using reflective bands set of Landsat images, the land use change trends in the study area for the period 1989 to 2017 were extracted and analyzed. Satellite images classified based on maximum likelihood classifier. The cross tab model was used to study land use changes trend. In the second step, the changes in biophysical parameters such as greenness, brightness and wetness caused by mineral activities have been investigated. In order to model the surface biophysical parameters of brightness, greenness and wetness for the period from 1989 to 2017, Albedo, NDVI and NDWI parameters were used, respectively. In the third step, by integrating the reflective and thermal remote sensing capabilities, the LST maps are extracted from different years and the trend of LST changes due to land use changes in different time periods has been investigated. For LST retrieval, a single-channel (SC) algorithm was applied. Finally, the zonal analysis has been used to analyze the trend of LST changes caused by land use changes in the studied are. 3. Results and Discussion Over the past two decades, with the increase in the activities of Sungun mine, the area of this land use has increased dramatically. The results indicate that the area of the mine class will increase from 13. 41 ha in 1993 to 621. 54 ha in 2017. During the same period, as a result of the expansion and development of mineral activities, the area of the forests decreased from 995. 94 to 594. 27 ha. In the period under study, 2295 ha of forest area has changed to mine land use. Also, more than 2632 ha of pasture land has become mine land. The results demonstrate that during the period of 1989 to 2017, the mean values of Albedo, NDVI and NDWI parameters increased, decreased and increased, respectively. The mean of surface albedo values for the study area has been increased from 0. 17 in 1989 to 0. 25 in 2017. Also, the mean value of the NDVI index has been decreased by almost 0. 09 during the period from 1989 to 2017. The major reason for a decrease in NDVI mean values is the reduction of the forest lands and the conversion of them into the mine and pasture lands in past years. In all dates, the lowest and highest LST mean were related to forest and bare land classes, respectively. In these years, the mean value of LST of the forest is, on average, 6. 36 ° C below the mean value of the LST of the mine land use. The results revealed that land use changes from forest to mine, pasture to mine, forest to pasture, forest to bare land and pasture to bare land have changed the LST 5. 8,-0. 1,-1. 4,-1. 6, 3. 3, and 0. 9 ° C, respectively. 4. Conclusions One of the most important negative impacts of human activities is the change in the surface biophysical parameters. Changing the earth's surface biophysical parameters causes a change in many processes and natural cycles of the earth, including the energy billing cycle. The results of this study are a major warning to environmental authorities to provide appropriate plans and solutions to reduce the negative effects of Sungun copper mineral activities. Also, the results of the study indicate the usefulness and efficiency of the integration of reflective and thermal remote sensing capabilities for monitoring and managing various human, environmental and natural phenomena.

Background & Aims: Quorum Sensing is a mechanism by which orchestrate the expression of many genes in bacteria. Therefore, any interference with the system will inhibit bacterial infections. The principal purpose of the research was to evaluate the potential of anti-quorum sensing of Rosa damascena and Stevia rebaudiana against Staphylococcus aureus. Materials & Methods: Ten isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were collected and identified. Plant species were collected from gardens of Fars province and extracted using 96% ethanol. The effect of anti-QS properties of the plant extracts was evaluated using Chromobacterium Violaceum CV026 biosensor. Furthermore, Biofilm production of the strains was investigated through the microtiter plate. In addition, the phytocompounds of Rosa and Stevia were identified by GC-MASS. Results: The results showed that Rosa damascene (19± 0. 5) and Stevia rebaudiana (17± 0. 5) extracts significantly (P<0. 05) possess anti-QS activities. Moreover, both extracts had antimicrobial activity and anti-biofilm properties. The results of the GC-MASS analysis also disclosed that the extract of rosa contains compounds such as Geraniol, β-Citronellol and Linalool, and also the extract of Stevia has compounds similar to Furfural, Terpinen-4-ol, Linalool, and α-Pinenem which could interfere with bacterial QS. Conclusion: According to the anti-biofilm and anti-QS properties of Rosa and Stevia extracts, the active compounds of the extracts, with an accurate evaluation, could be considered as an appropriate approach for bacterial treatment.